Background
Clinicians routinely perform clinical assessment to determine what problem(s) may affect the patient and before planning the treatments or management strategies that are best to manage a patient's condition.
From a "problem-oriented" medical record structure perspective, the clinical assessment represents the "A" of the SOAP components.
This collaborative project is initiated to:
- determine the boundary and scope of "clinical assessment" and;
- develop a FHIR resource/profile to support the capturing and exchange of clinical assessment information.
Leadership
Project co-leads:
- Dr Stephen Chu
- Dr Russ Leftwich
- Elaine Ayres
FHIR leads:
- Lloyd McKenzie
- David Hay
Domain Experts:
- Stephen Chu
- Russ Leftwich
- Laura Heermann Langford
- Emma Jones
- Rob Hausam
- Elaine Ayres
- Kevin Coonan
Stakeholder Groups:
- Patient Care Workgroup
- Orders & Observation
- Clinical Decision Support
- FHIR
Definitions
Dictionary Definition:
- Clinical assessment is "an evaluation of a patient's physical condition and prognosis based on information gathered from physical and laboratory examinations and the patient's medical history".
Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/clinical+assessment
Definition (as discussed at 2014-10-09 conference call)"
Clinical assessment is defined as the "Process to arrive at the status (including the clinical impression of health risk or prognosis) of a patient constrained by their health concerns"
The process includes
- The use of observation findings/results as determined by relevant systemic (e.g. CVS, respiratory, neurological) examination of the patient
- Measurement or observation results from use of prescribed set of standardised assessment protocols/instruments (e.g. APGAR, Glasgow Coma Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination)
- (~ it is important to note that "assessment protocol/instrument" is part of the clinical assessment process and not the clinical assessment itself)
- The actual observations represent the "S" and "O" of the SOAP documentation
- The "A" in the SOAP is the documentation of the clinical analysis and reasoning or thought process based on the "S" and "O" findings of the patient's status
- The assessment reflects the conclusion of the reasoning process (which also identifies how the conclusion was reached)
Clinical Assessment Tool:
- A clinical assessment tool is an instrument or a set of measurements designed to evaluate a patient's clinical condition and/or to predict the risk(s) or prognosis.
- The measurement parameters/variables may be organised/presented as questionnaire, checklist, or scale.
- Examples:
- Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (developed by the World Health Organisation Taskforce)
- Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE)
- Barthel Index - International Resident Assessment Instrument (InterRAI)
- C-CDA Assessment Scale Template
- SDC - Structure Data Capture (SCD FHIR IG)
- FHIR Clinical Guidelines - Library Resources
- IHE Assessment Curation and Data Collection (ACDC - new profile in progress) - Assessment instruments curation and management
Storyboards / Use Cases
Contributors
- Stephen Chu
- Elaine Ayres
- Russ Leftwich
Storyboards:
- Nutrition Clinical Assessment Use Case 2014-10-30
- Head Injury Clinical Assessment Use Case: GCS 2014-10-15
- Acute Pharyngitis Clinical Assessment Use Case including clinical script updated 2014-11-05
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Assessment Use Case including clinical script updated 2014-11-03
Progress and Related Work
- Work on Clinical Assessment is continued as the FHIR ClinicalImpression Resource development
Relevant Links and Documents
Assessment Instruments and Guidelines:
- Australia-Royal Children Hospital Cervical Spine Assessment Algorithm (description and flowchart)
- Australia-Queensland Ambulance Service Clinical Assessment Procedures
- Alcohol Withdrawal Assessment Scale
Clinical Assessment FHIR Resource/Profile Proposal is available through this link:
- http://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=Category:FHIR_Resource_Proposal
- S&I Structured Data Capture Initiative is actively investigating representation of questionnaire content.